Non-viral vectors comprise a diverse class of engineered delivery systems designed to transport nucleic acid–based therapeutics into target cells or tissues. These systems include, most prominently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), as well as enabling plasmid DNA (pDNA) constructs that serve as foundational inputs for a broad range of nucleic-acid modalities, including mRNA, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and genome-editing platforms. In contrast to viral delivery systems, non-viral platforms offer substantial advantages in terms of compositional tunability and structural modularity, enabling precise control over physicochemical properties such as particle size, surface charge, lipid composition, and payload encapsulation efficiency. This modularity facilitates rapid exchange and optimization of therapeutic cargos without the need for extensive re-engineering of the delivery vehicle.
