Essential CQAs include vector genome titre (VGT), infectious vector particle titre (IVP), vector purity (ratio of VGT to total particles, absence of process impurities), sterility, mycoplasma, endotoxin levels, and crucially, the absence of replication competent lentivirus (RCL). Consistency is ensured through rigorously developed and qualified manufacturing processes, stringent in-process controls (IPCs), and a comprehensive panel of validated release and stability-indicating analytical methods.